Glossary of terms used on this site

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P

Term Definition
Papanicolaou Smear (Pap Smear)

A screening test to evaluate the cells of the cervix to determine whether they are normal or cancerous. The physician or nurse removes some cells from the cervical canal with a brush or spatula (usually a painless process, then smears them onto a glass plate). A pathologist examines the cells under a microscope.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Inflammatory disease of the pelvis, often caused by infection, which can lead to infertility.
Post-Coital Test (PCT)

Microscopic study of samples of vaginal and cervical secretions taken several hours after sexual relations and examined for live, moving sperm. Also known as the Sims-Huhner Test.
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)

The procedure used to detect genetic or chromosomal abnormalities on embryos created during an IVF cycle. This is a delicately precise micro-manipulative procedure, in which embryologists remove either necessary DNA from the egg shortly after fertilization (polar body biopsy) or a single cell from a three-day old embryo (embryo biopsy). Molecular biologists examine the polar body or embryo biopsy for specific genetic anomalies. This is appropriate if a woman is 35 years of age or older or if the couple carries a genetic abnormality which they do not want to risk transmitting to the fetus.
Premature Ovarian Failure (POF)

The occurrence of menopause before the age of 40.
Profasi

See Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG).
Progesterone

A hormone secreted by the corpus luteum of the ovary after ovulation has occurred. Also produced by the placenta during pregnancy.
Prolactin

A hormone produced by the pituitary. The level of prolactin in the blood can reveal hypothalamic-pituitary disorders that may hinder ovulation.
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